Lit. Analysis :: essays research papers

Most people are kind to strangers. For example, they might be will to return a purse, or perhaps take two lost people into their home. Or, in some cases, you would keep a secret or something intimately the others lifestyle, to yourself. All this is seen in the short stage Searching for Summer by Joan Aiken. In this paper, I intend to prove to you that the above statements are true.In the fabrication Searching for Summer, two young people, Tom and Lily, are married. At this time, the sun was hidden behind large clouds from, possibly , a nuclear blast. This is non made clear to the reader in the story. For their honeymoon, Tom and Lily went off in search of the sun. they motorbike that they were driving on broke down so they stop in the town of Molesworth. They met an elderly lady and her blind son at a bus stop. When they realized that the lady had left her purse, they decided to return it to her at her home into the woods. When they arrived, they discovered that the sun always s hone at William and his mothers cabin. When they returned to the town to retrieve the fixed motorbike, they kept the sun secret to themselves when asked about it by the nosy innkeeper and left.Tom and Lily were kind to the elderly pair when they hardly knew them. They brought the old ladys purse to her. She walked so slowly.....I think we ought to take it to her, striket you Tom? (676). To me this quote shows how Lily is willing to help a person she doesnt even know. Another time that this trait is shown is when we find out that Lily is comfort wearing her wedding sandals on the walk to the old ladys home, even though it is painful. Lily was still wearing her wedding sandals......(676). Not very more people would be willing to go through pain and agony to return a purse. I know that I might consider postponement until I had more comfortable shoes. But this still goes to prove that some people are just kinder than others to strangers. But they arent the only ones in this story w ho are this way.William and his mother show kindness to Tom and Lily in the story. When Tom and Lily arrive at their cabin, the old lady shows much gratitude and invites them in, even though she has just met them.

Charmin Toilet Paper Ad -- Advertisement, Ads, Advertising

Advertisements are one of many things that Americans cannot get away from. Every American sees an average of 3,000 publicizings a mean solar day whether its on the television, radio, while surfing the internet, or while driving around town. Advertisements try to get consumers to buy their products by getting their attention. Most advertisements wear upont have anything to do with the product itself. Every company has a different way of getting the publics attention, but every advertisement has the same goal - to sell the product. Every advertisement tries to appeal to the earshot by using ethos, pathos, and logos, while also focusing on who their audience is and the social function of the ad. An example of this is a Charmin commercial where there is a bear who gets excited when he gets to work the toilet paper beca habit it is so soft. In this Charmin commercial, the author is the Charmin Company. The bears are hired as the speakers for Charmin. They are cute, lovable, and are appealing to most people. They were not always in the Charmin commercials however. The first Charmin bear was introduced in 2001, and then the cubs the following year. They were a big hit with the public so the company continues to use them as the mascots/speakers for Charmin toilet paper. The bears are a big help in selling the product. The audience of the Charmin commercials is every human being that watches television. This product, toilet paper, is something that everyone, no matter where they live, needs to use in everyday life. It is a product that will always be bought by people but there are many different companies in the toilet paper industry. The main audience is for those that do not use Charmin already, but... ... author, or speaker does not use any facts or logic in the commercial. Every advertisement has different ways of getting the audiences attention. Advertisements mostly use the three appeals, but d ifferent forms of showing them off. In this commercial ethos and pathos is used to get to the consumers. Charmin is the greatest toilet paper and everybody should use it, that is the message they are trying to get across. It may be true to some people, but the overall population most likely does not use Charmin but another brand of toilet paper that is cheaper. I do not think that this commercial is that effective because I, along with many other people, beneficial use whatever kind of toilet paper there is the brand does not matter. In other countries there are other brands that are verbalize to be the number one brand of toilet paper it is different everywhere.

Sex & Violence in the Media Essay -- Essays Papers

Sex & Violence in the MediaOn February 1, 2004, millions of Americans sat down around their television system sets with their family and friends to watch the biggest sports event of the year Super Bowl XXXVIII. Inside the Reliant Stadium of Houston, Texas, the New England Patriots beat the Carolina Panthers 32-29 in one of the closest games in modern history but this year it wasnt the football game or even the commercials that had masses talking. It was an incident that occurred during the halftime show that involved pop singers Janet Jackson and Justin Timberlake that stop in millions of Americans having the privilege to see the left breast of Janet Jackson for a few moments. This single issue may not have been a commodious ordeal in itself, but it brought to surface some very pertinent questions about how far was too far in the media, what the government should do to rule it, and what effects sex and violence in the media were having on American culture. The events that took place during the halftime show of the Super Bowl may have shocked and angered many a(prenominal) parents for exposing such sexual behavior and nudity to their children, but there were also a great number of people who questioned why people were so disoriented over a few seconds of screen time that Janet Jacksons left breast received. After all, it was simply part of the female anatomy. Many people argued that it wasnt just nudity, that it was softcore pornography because of the sexual conduct that was behind the performance. It is understandable that Jackson and Timberlakes routine was full of sexual innuendo, but the majority of unfledged children usually dont pick up on such behavior and thus a simple wardrobe malfunction.Whether the performance during the halftime ... ...ildren, teenagers, and adults in many different ways. While some people were outraged by the Super Bowl incident and others believed it was merely an accident that could have been prevented, the event put to the demonstrate some fundamental questions concerning how much power the media should have. Because the FCC is on a rampage right now trying to put an end to these problems, many networks are implementing spic-and-span features such as the ten second delay, and others are trying to promote the use of V-chips (prevent children from viewing objectionable material) and reminding Americans of the rating system that is on the television. But the point is, television is free to the public, and the public is watching. As sex and violence increasingly fill our television sets, our minds become more adjusted to such behaviors and we forget to ambit reality and focus on the important things.

Marriages in China :: essays research papers

Many different countries celebrate marriages different ways. In the US, the bride wears a white gown, and the groom wears a tuxedo. In countries like China, the bride wears a brightly colored dress. From ancient times marriage has been regulated by law and religious practice. China has a very interesting marriage celebration.In the 19th century, A wedding represented the transfer of a womans dependence on money from her family to her new husband. There was also a transfer of the womans property, called a dowry, from the brides father to her husband. This transfer of property was made if the marriage was voluntary or an arranged marriage where the womans consent was not asked for. nigh times in the 19th century, when a couple got married, it was arranged by the parents, and the couple had no say in it. In the 20th century, things changed for the better. China proclaim a marriage code giving spouses equal rights in the control of property in 1950. Laws of most countries require the husband to support his wife and children. With the plus in the number of women working outside the home, the women sometimes support themselves and child support has fallen upon her nearly as much as her husband. Couples now lease their own partners, but must get the consent of their parents. As a wedding give, it is customary for the parents to buy appliances for the couples new home. They have a simple ceremony, and the date is chosen by the parents.A popular date for weddings in China is the seventh day of the seventh moon. They say that a ottoman from heaven can bless their marriage on that day.

Models of Decision Making :: Business Management

MODELS OF DECISION MAKING elevate Analysis Model Posters Five Forces Analysis PEST AnalysisSWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis is the most common and renowned model for decision making in the business world today. It is used for conducting the audit, study and analyze the overall strategic position of the business and the environment in which the business operates SWOT is an abbreviation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The main objective of SWOT analysis is to devise the best strategy for the organization, use it to prepare the business model for the company while keeping in view the resources, capabilities and constraints that are applicable. It is in fact used to assess the internal potency of the organization and how it merchantman be utilized to exploit the avenues available in the environment. It takes into consideration all the favorable and unfavorable factors associated with the organization. This tool when used consistently can help in the predic ting the future outcome and including those forecasts in the organizations strategy.Conducting SWOT analysis is not a complex task but includes a very simple and interesting activity. It also includes brainstorming sessions. SWOT analysis may be used to develop the business idea, assessing an opportunity to make an acquisition, analyzing a potential partnership or making decision about a brand, product, an investment opportunity. SWOT analysis is conducted using a template which is usually in the form of a grid and consists of four sections.An example of the template is produced below STRENGTHSFinancial ResourcesHuman ResourceMarket AccessBrandsPatentsCopy RightsTechnology al-QaidaQuality Cost minimizationEffective managementGeographical edgeExpertise and ExperienceBackward and Forward IntegrationOther assetsWEAKNESS currency shortage or lack of access to financial resourcesLack of access to marketIncompetent human resource and managementLack of infrastructureNon handiness of tech nologyLack of competitive strengthsIneffective supply chain managementNarrow Product RangePoor Decision MakingHuge Debts game employee turnoverObsolete equipmentComplex decision making processLarge wastage of raw materialOPPORTUNITIES New marketNew Government policy or change in recent policyLifestyle or industryNiche marketIncrease in level of income of individualsNew Products and services THREATS governmental factorsLegislative issuesEnvironmental factorsHigh turnover of staffTakeover by a big giantNew technology by competitor dissonance with key contractors and customersSeasonal impactsChange in attitude, tastes or lifestyleInternational market impacts on local marketChange in the market implyEver changing technologyPrice war leading to decrease in profitabilityIncreased competition leading to access capacity Lets confirm a view on each of the four factorsStrengthsStrengths are the competitive edge or the capabilities an organization has to be utilized when competing with its c ompetitors.

Models of Decision Making :: Business Management

MODELS OF DECISION MAKING tog out Analysis Model Posters Five Forces Analysis PEST AnalysisSWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis is the most common and renowned model for decision making in the business world today. It is used for conducting the audit, study and analyze the overall strategic position of the business and the environment in which the business operates SWOT is an abbreviation of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The principal(prenominal) objective of SWOT analysis is to devise the best strategy for the organization, using it to prepare the business model for the company while keeping in scene the resources, capabilities and constraints that are applicable. It is in fact used to assess the internal potential of the organization and how it can be utilized to exploit the avenues available in the environment. It takes into rumination all the favorable and unfavorable factors associated with the organization. This tool when used consistently can help in the predicting the future outcome and including those forecasts in the organizations strategy.Conducting SWOT analysis is not a complex task but includes a very simple and interesting activity. It also includes brainstorming sessions. SWOT analysis may be used to develop the business idea, assessing an opportunity to make an acquisition, analyzing a potential partnership or making decision about a brand, product, an coronation opportunity. SWOT analysis is conducted using a template which is usually in the form of a grid and consists of four sections.An example of the template is produced below STRENGTHSfiscal ResourcesHuman ResourceMarket AccessBrandsPatentsCopy RightsTechnology InfrastructureQuality Cost minimizationEffective managementGeographical strand expertise and ExperienceBackward and Forward IntegrationOther assetsWEAKNESSCash shortage or lack of access to financial resourcesLack of access to securities industry placeIncompetent human resource and managementLack of i nfrastructureNon availability of technologyLack of competitive strengthsIneffective supply chain management define Product RangePoor Decision MakingHuge DebtsHigh employee turnoverObsolete equipmentComplex decision making processLarge wastage of cranky materialOPPORTUNITIES New marketNew Government policy or change in recent policyLifestyle or industry street corner marketIncrease in level of income of individualsNew Products and services THREATSPolitical factorsLegislative issuesEnvironmental factorsHigh turnover of staffTakeover by a big giantNew technology by competitorDisagreement with key contractors and customersSeasonal impactsChange in attitude, tastes or lifestyleInternational market impacts on local marketChange in the market demandEver changing technologyPrice war leading to decrease in profitabilityIncreased competition leading to access capacity Lets have a view on each of the four factorsStrengthsStrengths are the competitive edge or the capabilities an organization h as to be utilized when competing with its competitors.

The Meaning And Definition Of Bpr Information Technology Essay

Business arrive atice reengineering, as a term and as a prototype, has a tarnished history. Reengineering become really popular in the early 1990 s, neverthe little, the methodological compendium and attack was non to the full understood nor appreh closureed. Many times, break offment working classs labeled with the rubric BPR were diabetic planned and executed. Employees and geological formations cringed at the base of anformer(a) BPR experience. The term itself is existence used less, or is being altered so that these types of enterprises are non associated with the BPR of the yesteryear.Despite this maltreatment of the pattern and tarnished name, the pattern of designing partake social occasions and the associated engineering and organisational construction is more than popular today than of all time. Companies continue to review and basically alter the manner they do appertain. emulous force per unit area and a sulky economic system provide the effectual to ol for organisations endeavoring to run as efficaciously and expeditiously as possible.Learning aimThe chief of fixing and showing this study is to understand about the construct what concern mathematical process technology is, and how it benefited the companies in decrease on procedure jog and costs. Another aim is to measure how concern procedure reengineering enhances the capablenesss and do working capacities of companies. This survey will besides affect the survey of those factors that companies use to develop concern procedure reengineering a more profitable mavin(a).Meaning and definition of BPRBusiness procedure reengineering is the redesign of concern procedures and the associated systems and organisational constructions to accomplish a dramatic advance in concern public presentation. The concern grounds for doing much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) accommodations could include suffering fiscal public presentation, external competition, and eroding of market portion of emerging market chances. BPR is non downsizing, restructuring, reorganisation, mechanization, stark naked engineering, etc. It is the scrutiny and alteration of five constituent of the concern Scheme, processes, engineering, organisation, and civilization.Michael Hammer defines concern procedure reengineering in his book Reengineering the Corporation as Cardinal rethinking and ultra redesign of concern procedures to convey about dramatic betterments in public presentation. Davenport defines BPR as The analysis and design of work flows and procedures within and between organisations ( Davenport & A scant(p) 1990 )Teng et Al. ( 1994 ) , define BPR as The critical analysis and extremist redesign of bing concern procedures to accomplish disc everyplacey betterments in public presentation steps. Hammer focuses on one of the cardinal constructs of BPR, that it is cardinal and extremist. The alternate concern betterment methodological analysis is Continuous procedure Impr ovement ( CPI ) , which emphasizes little and mensurable polishs to an organisation s current procedures and systems. CPI has its beginnings in entire quality direction ( TQM ) and Six Sigma, a plan that began at Motorola.BPR and some MythsThe popular direction literature has created more myth than practical methodological analysis reengineering. The construct of BPR has been with us since about 1990, nevertheless it is widely misunderstood and has been equated to downsizing, client/server computer science, quality, ABC, and several(prenominal) other direction panaceas of the past several old ages. Based on interviews and conversations with more than 20 companies, and 35 reengineering enterprises, Davenport & A studded ( 1990 ) place seven reengineering mythsThe myth of Reengineering rancour reengineering, although about familiar constructs, is new in that these constructs are combined in a new synthesis. These cardinal constituents have neer been together earlier.The myth of the jazzy designate regardless of cock s ( 1990 ) exhortation Do nt automatize, obliterate Clean slate alteration is seldom found in pattern. Or, as Davenport and Stoddard ( 1994 ) state of matter A clean sheet of paper used in design normally requires a clean cheque for execution is done over several phased undertakings. Besides supported by preliminary findings of Stoddard and Jarvenpaa 1995 their findings ran contrary to Hammer ( 1990 ) although reengineering can present extremist Furthermore, a radical alteration procedure might non be executable given the hazard and cost of radical tactics, The Myth of IS Leadership In contrast to the much touted leading function, IS is by and large viewed as a spouse within a cross- operating(a) squad that is by and large headed by a non-IS undertaking leader and a non-IS concern athletic supporter who have better control over the procedures that are being redesigned.The Myth of Top-Down Design The execution and executing of the redesig ned procedures depends upon those who do the work. Hence, the engagement, and more importantly, credence and ownership/at the quite a little roots degree is indispensable for successful BPR.The Myth of Reengineering VS transmutation BPR is a procedure that contributes to organisational transmutation ( OT ) nevertheless it is non synonymous with transmutation. OT is defined as, Profound, cardinal alterations in idea and action, which create an irreversible discontinuity in the experience of a system ( Adams 1984 ) . OT is defined as, Profound, cardinal alterations in idea and needfully involves reframing, which is a discontinuous alteration in the Organization s or group s shared significance or civilization. It besides involves wide alterations in other organisational dimensions besides the work processes such as organisational construction, scheme, and concern capablenesss.The Myth of Engineering s Permanence Davenport and Stoddard ( 1994 ) speculate that reengineering has peak ed in the US in 1994 and would the correspondingly go incorporate with much broader organisational phenomena such as another synthesis of thoughts that includes the percepts of reengineering its integrating into bing alteration methods or its combination with quality and other process-oriented betterment attacks into an incorporate procedure direction Approach.BPR and TQMTeng et Al. ( 1994 ) rase that in recent old ages, increased attending to concern procedures is closely due to TQM ( entire Quality motion ) . They conclude that conclude that TQM and BPR portion a cross-functional orientation. Davenport observed that quality specializer tend to concentrate on incremental alteration and gradual betterment of procedures, while advocates of reengineering a great deal seek extremist redesign and drastic betterment of procedures.Davenport ( 1993 ) notes that quality Management, frequently referred to as entire quality direction ( TQM ) or uninterrupted betterment, refers to plans a nd enterprises that emphasize design or procedure invention, refers to discrete enterprises that are intended to accomplish radically redesigned and improved work processes in a delimited clip frame.Relation between BPR and Information TechnologyHammer ( 1990 ) considers it as the cardinal enabler of BPR which he considers as extremist alteration. He prescribes the usage of IT to dispute the premise inherent in the work processes that have existed since long before the coming of modern cypher machine and communications engineering. He argues that at the bosom of reengineering is the impression of discontinuous thought or recognizing and interrupting off from the outdated regulations and cardinal premises underlying operationsa these regulations of work design are base on premises about engineering, people, and organisational ends that no longer keep, He suggests the following rules of reengineering Form around results, non undertakingsHave those who use the end product of t he procedure execute the procedureSubsume information processing work into the existent work that produces the information Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized Link parallel activities alternatively of incorporating their consequences Put the determination point where the work is performed, and construct control into the procedure andCapture information one time and at the beginning.Davenport and con ( 1990 ) argue that BPR requires taking a broader position of both IT and concern activity, and of the relationships between them. IT should be viewed as more than an mechanization or mechanising force to basically reshape the manner concern is done.Business activities should be viewed as more than a aggregation of single or even functional undertakings in a procedure position for maximising effectivity. IT and BPR have recursive relationship. IT capabilities should back up concern procedures, and concern procedures should be in footings of the capa blenesss IT can supply. Davenport and Short ( 1990 ) refer to this broadened, recursive position of IT and BPR as the new industrial technology .Business processes represent a new attack to coordination across the house IT s promise and its ultimate impact is to be the most powerful tool for cut downing the costs of coordination ( Davenport and Short 1990 ) . Davenport and Short ( 1990 ) outline the undermentioned capablenesss that hypothecate the functions that IT can play in BPR Transactional, Geographical, Automatical, Informational, Sequential, cognition Management, Tracking, and Disintermediation.Teng et Al. ( 1994 ) argue that the manner related maps participate in a procedure the functional yoke of a procedure can be differentiated along two dimensions degree of mediation and grade of coaction. They define the breaker point of Mediation of the procedure as the extent of true flow of input and end product among take parting maps. They define the Degree of Collaboration of the procedure to the extent of information exchange and common accommodation among maps when take parting in the equivalent procedure. In their model, information engineering is instrumental in cut downing the Degree of Mediation and heightening the Degree of Collaboration Besides, advanced utilizations of IT would inevitable take many houses to develop new, coordination-intensive constructions, enabling them to excogitate their activities in ways that were non possible earlier. Such coordination-intensive constructions may raise the organisation s capablenesss and reactivity, taking to possible strategic advantages.Participants represented a wide sampling of industry groups. Product development and fabrication, finance and banking and consulting were the three largest sectors, accounting for over one-third ( 37 % ) of participants. all over a one-fourth of the participants were team leadership. Approximately 56 % of participants were either a squad leader, or a team sectio n or a adviser.What processes are marks for Reengineering?Customer service was once more the most often reengineered procedure, as it had been in 1997 and 1999, but by less of a border. Information ( computing machine ) services about doubled in frequence, traveling it from the fifth to the 2nd most targeted concern for reengineering.Why are they being targeted?In each study ( 1997, 1999, 2002 ) , the demand to cut down cost/expense was the most often cited concern driver for reengineering undertakings. In 2002, 65 % of participants say that disbursal decrease was the primary driver. The other three concern drivers are competitory force per unit area hapless client satisfaction and hapless quality of merchandises and services.Are BPR undertakings successful?Survey participants showed much higher overall expected betterments from their BPR undertakings in 2002 than in 1999 or 1997. all over half ( 54 % ) of participants expected betterments of over 30 % .In add-on to anticipating higher betterments, survey participants were more successful in their undertakings. About 113 survey participants were able to mensurate their undertaking against the initial aims that were set. Over 73 % met or exceeded their aims, with about half ( 47 % ) of survey participants run intoing their undertaking within 10 % .What are the most critical undertaking activities?Participants irresistibly indicated that the planning phase where range and functions were set was the most of import stage in the undertaking.The most of import measure was the planning and design stage, which formed the background and set mileposts for the undertaking. Other stairss participants cited as critical to project success included a high degree reappraisal of the concern as usual or as is province of the organisation ( although squads cautioned against passing excessively much clip with this activity ) and deriving support and buy-in from top direction ( including edifice executive sponsorship ) .Ov er 75 % of participants were required to message a concern instance that included the projected ROI for the undertaking to see support. The undertaking had to bring forth a significantly positive ROI and show consequences within a specified clip frame.How did squads pass their clip?About two-thirds of a typical undertaking clip was spent planning, planing and deriving blessing with lone one-third spent on development and execution of the solution.Are undertakings acquiring longer or shorter?Continuing the tendency of shorter undertakings from 1997 and 1999, the norm undertaking lasted 13.8 months in the 2002 survey. In 1999 undertakings lasted 14.5 months and in 1997 they lasted 19.7 months.What would teams make otherwise?The top activity that undertaking squads would make otherwise on the following undertaking was more effectual alteration direction. Study participants cited increased preparation in the countries of BPR, alteration direction, engineering and direction rules as th e figure one activity they would make otherwise with their following undertaking.Why are certain squads successful?Participants cited a figure of factors that contributed to their squad s success. The top three factors wereTeam members demonstrated a dedication to the undertakingThe squad had sloshed committedness and support from the top directionThe squad shared a clear vision of the aims and ends and had a common focal point and apprehension of the undertaking s success.The sum of clip that squad members are able to perpetrate to the undertaking ( full-time vs part-time ) is steadily diminishing from the degrees in 1997 and 1999. At the same clip, stud participants felt that a deficiency of focal point on the undertaking, caused by preoccupation with regular responsibilities, inhibited the squad s success.Did utilizing advisers pay off?Teams used advisers for the undermentioned three groundsTo move as the squad leader or cardinal facilitator within the reengineering squadTo supp ly and/or organize the preparation of squad members.To supply specific and elaborate IT or proficient systems advice and expertness.More than three-fourthss of companies that used advisers rated the advisers effectivity excellent or really good, and more than three-fourthss of organisations cited the advisers solve as critical or really critical to the undertaking s success.Did utilizing alteration direction truly do a difference?Excellent or really good alteration direction plans straight correlated with squads that met or exceeded their overall undertaking aims. The top-three alteration direction activities wereChangeless and diverse communicating.Training of employees on the new procedure and systems to be used.Planing the passage and invariably re-evaluating short-run ends and marks.Communication was once more the most of import alteration direction activity listed by participants. Participants cited the usage of multiple communicating methods as the key to guaranting success ful communicating. Electronic mails and web sites were successful in making the broad audience, but as the subject was driven deeper in the organisation, there was no replacement for face-to-face treatments.What can Exceed direction make to promote undertaking success?Reflecting the consequences from the 1999 study, squads whose undertakings were driven or to a great extent supported by top direction were more likely to finish their undertaking at or above outlooks.The biggest misunderstanding made by senior directors or executive suspensors was a failure to demo sufficient seeable engagement in the undertaking. a non remaining composite plenty after the initial stage, presuming that everyone in the organisation understood their vision and scheme. An overpowering bulk of squads had senior directors or executive-level directors as their undertaking patrons, and most squads rated their patron effectivity as really good or first-class.What were the biggest obstructions?Participants cited a figure of obstructions during execution. Resistance to alter within the organisation was cited six times more frequently than any other obstruction. Resistance came in many builds, including organisational inactiveness, corporate civilization, front-line opposition and direction opposition.The most normally cited subscribers to implementation success wereBuy-in from upper direction, including an executive patron A clear apprehension of the concern issues and the BPR solution andEmployee support and buy-in for the proposed solution.How long earlier undertakings show consequences?Survey participants reported a short sum of clip before they realized betterments. A sum of 70 % of participants realized betterments within six months of undertaking execution and merely 12 % of undertakings required over a twelvemonth before betterments were realized.What else does the 2002 study screen?A list of the most critical must make and must non make recommendations from undertaking re ams and squad leadersThe complete set of direction errors most normally made during major alteration undertakingsA comprehensive usher to BPR methodological analysiss and activities used by squadsAn analysis of which concern procedures are the future marks for alteration by companiesThe functions of executive patrons ( what they can lend most )Key success factors for undertaking executionGuidelines for choosing the most effectual undertaking squadMost of import start-up activities for new undertakingsWhat squad would make otherwise on their following undertakingCharts and graphs demoing what benefits squads are accomplishingFuture way of BPROver the last few old ages, the reengineering construct has evolved from a extremist alteration to account for the contextual pragmatism ( Caron et. Al. , 1994, Earl 1994 ) , and to accommodate with more incremental procedure alteration methods such as TQM, towards a broader, yet more comprehensive procedure direction construct ( Davenport 1995 ) .Based upon a theoretical analysis and study of literature pertinent to reengineering, Kettinger and Grover ( 1995 ) sketch some propositions to steer future enquiry into the phenomenon of BPR. Their propositions centre around the constructs of cognition direction, employee authorization, acceptance of new ITs, and a shared vision. Earl et al. , ( 1995 ) have proposed a procedure alignment theoretical account that comprises four lenses of enquiry procedure, scheme, MIS, and alteration direction and control, and used it for developing an inductive taxonomy of BPR schemes. Malhotra ( 1996 ) has developed the cardinal accent on these issues based chiefly on an integrative synthesis of the recent literature from organisation theory, organisation control, scheme, and MIS.King ( 1994 ) believes that although the current faddism of BPR may stop, nevertheless, procedure reengineering, in some signifier or known by some other name ( californium Davenport & A Stoddard 1994 ) would be of digesting importance.Decisions on Business procedure reengineeringCompanies sought out methods for sudden concern procedure betterments. Furthermore, companies want breakthrough public presentation alterations, non merely incremental alterations, and they want it now. Because the rate of alteration has increased for everyone, few concerns can soften a slow alteration procedure. One attack for rapid alteration and dramatic betterment that has emerged is concern procedure reengineering ( BPR ) .BPR relies on a different enlighten of idea than uninterrupted procedure betterment. In the extreme, reengineering assumes the current procedure as irrelevant it does nt work, it s broken, bury it. Start over. Such a clean slate position enables the interior decorators of concern procedures to dissociate themselves from today s procedure, and concentrate on a new procedure. In a mode of speech production, it is like projecting yourself into the hereafter and inquiring yourself what shou ld the procedure expression like? What do my clients want it to look like? What make other employees want it to look like? How make best-in-class companies do it? What might we be able to make with new engineering?In drumhead, the utmost contrast between uninterrupted procedure betterment and concern procedure reengineering prevarications in where you start, and with the magnitude and rate of ensuing alterations.Therefore it is hard to happen an exact matched BPR to a peculiar company s demands, and the take exception is to cognize what method to utilize when and how to draw it off successful such that bottom-line concern consequences are achieved. Such are the subjects which have to be studied farther.

The impact of French imperialism on Indochina to 1945 Essay

Being an imperialist country, France pursed to increase its power, wealth and influence by gaining authority over opposite parts in the world. South America and Africa were among the countries the cut Empire had owned in addition to Indochina who lost its independence after the war against China, which lasted from 1884-1885. Indochina was a chief(prenominal) asset to France, especially in the field of economics and social power between other countries such as China and Japan. Despite the advantage Indochina gave to France, the bid of the French was not considered beneficial to the Indochinese nation.Politically, France reduced the countrys sense of unity by separating Indochina into three administrative sections called Tonkin, Annam and Cochinchina. Political control varied, as it was strike control for the colony of Cochinchina, however indirect control for Annam and Tonkin. The difference between these areas was the fact that the Vietnamese who lived in Cochinchina were able t o gain French citizenship and were enabled to hold seats in the National Assembly in Paris. This meant that authority held by the Vietnamese Emperor was strongly weakened, as his mandarins who gave him his authority creamed for the French governor. Whereas, in Annam and Tonkin citizens werent allowed entry to French citizenship and their territory were not counted as part of France. Their emperors continued authorities through the exercise of French govern. This essentially divided the united power of Indochina as power comes in the mickle.In terms of social culture, it was French policy to encourage the educated to serve in the army or civil armed service and to assimilate into French society. Through assimilation of French ideals, the educated Vietnamese people adopted the illusion of French revolutionary concepts of liberty, fraternity and equality. This was contradicting as they were excluded from political, administrative and managerial positions. If an educated Vietnamese were to hold such a position, theyd receive a fraction of the wages earned by their French counterparts. This was imputable to the theory that Indochinese people were inferior and relied on French culture to overcome their state of disorder.As a result, the French officials who ruled the provinces undermined traditional control of small town notables, which led to the conversion of several million Vietnamese people and condemned the traditional practice of ancestral worship. Due to the angered realisation of double standards of liberty and equality, readable rebellion and hunger marches in 1930 led to the execution of leaders, the killing by troops of 10000 participants and the deportation of 50000 more. Protests to French authority resulted in lot a jail centre, which was more popular to find than hospital facilities.Indochina gave many opportunities to France to increase wealth and prestige internationally. Due to Indochinas location a barter relationship with China was made c onvenient. Having by 1897, gained mineral concession in three provinces there, the French built to railways accessing to China. By 1910 the railway to Yunnan was built by 80000 Vietnamese workers, in which thirty per cent being the subject of mortality.The majority of Indochinas 25 million people were used as cheap labour workers to work in mines, factories, rice fields and rubber plantations to produce large quantities of corn, rice, rubber, silk, tin and zinc. Exclusive possession of alcohol, opium and salt trade also significantly amplified Frances pecuniary state. Land grants were given to French settlers and wealthy Vietnamese people who possessed eighty per cent of land. Peasants were living in poverty caused by high absorb payment, high taxes and debt to moneylenders. The building of canals, roads, railway lines and port facilities as well as the administration of Indochina were funded by heavy labour of the Vietnamese resources and working-class peasants.The response to s ubjection caused resistance from the Indochinese nation. Guerrillas fought to prevent forceful takeover and loss of heritage. Further violence was the response of French authority. This worsened the involvement of violence due to the fact that it touched further resistance. Nationalism arose from the involvement in world war one, which caused further intense resistance. Education provided by the French was beneficial to the Vietnamese, as they provided and encouraged an ground and commitment to nationalist ideas. This caused two radical revolutionary groups to emerge and challenge French authority. The more powerful groupcalled the Indochinese communist party (ICP) was founded by Ho Chi Minh who brought prominence in 1930. The French underestimated its motivation, resistance and ability, which resulted in their failure to destroy it.The pacific war ended in august 1945 and by the twentieth of August Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh took control of the government buildings. This was d ue to the fact that there was a French absence in the colony. The August revolution mete out across Vietnam and Viet Minh groups accessed control of all government levels. On the 19th of August the provisional government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) was announced and on the 2nd of kinfolk Ho Chi Minh declared independence in front of his nation. His ten goals included overthrowing French imperialism to make Indochina independent, establish a worker-peasant and soldier government, distribute assets of belong and plantations to the peasants, implement an 8 hour working day, abolish unfair taxes on peasants, bring freedom to the masses and implement equality between both sexes.French imperialism impacted Indochina Economically, Socially and Politically. In the long run, it provided the Vietnamese with advantages such as infrastructure, education and economic wealth. However, in order to achieve this the French imperialists caused destruction to the masses with burdens of unreasonable debt, high rates of death and forced cheap labour. In order to achieve independence, education on concepts of liberty, fraternity and equality ironically provided by the French gave Vietnamese communists the ability to fight French authority. Through the resistance and support of the majority of the Indochinese nation, the Viet Minh were successful to overcome oppression of their people and ultimately gained brain wave to political, economic and social welfare on an international scale.Despite his efforts to gain support of the United States, Ho Chi Minhs letters went unanswered and preferably the United States agreed to support Frances demand for support of reclamation of Vietnam.

Methods of Evangelism

Romans Road shows how a person can be lad to Christ through a serial of steps. These steps are all found in the book of Romans, hence the name, Romans Road. It provides a very clear perspective of who needs salvation, why they need salvation, how divinity provides salvation, how we receive salvation, and the results of salvation. Advantages It is step-by-step and is very direct on what has happened to Christ, and how we can be with Him for eternity. Disadvantages Romans Road does not show how to live a life for Christ by and by a person invites Christ to be their Lord and Savior. Friendship Evangelism Summary of Method Friendship evangelism is sharing the Word of God with friends who have not genuine him or are not sure that it is the right path to take spiritually. Advantages When a person wants to use friendship evangelism, they are not talking to union strangers. They are talking to friends that they have made and citizenry that they trust. This allows them to be themsel ves when talking about God.Disadvantages Some people would rather not put their guard subjugate and show some transparency when talking about religion. They might be afraid of rejection from their friends. Door-to-Door Evangelism Summary of Method Door to door evangelism is going from household to house sharing the good news of Jesus Christ. Morons and Jehovah Witnesses use this method. Advantages- One advantage for this method is that you are talking to people where they are contented (at their home). It is a one on one conversation that could be starting a religious revolution in their life.Also, you are reaching out to people who may be at a very vulnerable point in their life, a point where they need Christ. Disadvantages This method may put your rubber in harms way by not knowing who the people are. People may also refuse to listen, may not be home, may shell you, and may become hostile with you. Studies and surveys have shown it is not the most effective evangelism met hod. Application of These Methods to Your Own Life What method outstrip suits you? The method that best suits my record is friendship evangelism.Out of the three methods, friendship evangelism is the easiest for me to relate to. Why is this the best method for you? Friendship evangelism is about sharing the gospel with people that you know. I believe that it is the best method for me because of the people that I am with. I want them to see and be with me in the kingdom of Heaven. I also want them to experience the worthiness of God and his grace among them. It is also easier for me to open up to people that I know, people that I can trust, people that I know will watch over me and that will still be my friend no tater what I believe in.

Discussion Board 2 †Apologetics Essay

1. What are some ways the Christian gospel is perceived in our culture?To many individuals, the Christian gospel is seen as discriminating and intolerant. Although we are all free to accept the gift of salvation through Christ, He tells us in John 146 that He is the way, the truth, and the sustenance no man cometh unto the Father, but by me. To many, this will seem intolerant and almost haughty. How can a God who wants nothing more than to have a relationship with us think that there is only one way to do so? 2. What are some specific moral reasons people may reject the Christian gospel?Many individuals who will reject the Christian gospel do so for moral reasons such as their sexual preferences (gay, bi, or straight), their marital status, or the apparent intolerant moral code found in the Word of God. People believe that you have to saltation up everything that is secular to follow Christ, and that Christians think they are more righteous than others. The fact is, you will ha ve to give up living in sin, and you will have to give up treasures of the world, but the heavenly treasures that you gain will outshine any possession that you will have on this earth. 3. What are some specific stirred reasons people may reject the Christian gospel?One specific emotional reason that people will reject the Christian gospel is that they cannot postponement the concept of Gods unconditional love. God loves each and every one of us, even the worst sinner, and tells us in His Word. People will say things like God would not let me be poor, or God would not have let me be abused like I was. nonetheless though we are all loved by God, and He wants us to have a relationship with Him and be happy and well, even the most high-priced Christian has to go through trials and tribulations. 4. What are some specific intellectual reasons people may reject the Christian gospel?For most Christians, believing in God is faith-based, and that there is no room for science and fact in Christianity. Many non-Christians will say that the Bible is nothing more than a accretion of fairy tales for those who are easily enchanted and to make the people who read them feel good. The intellectual non-believers insistence that the Bible has no basis in factis one reason that they will reject the message, even though there is historical proof to show that Christ lived, died, and was resurrected, as well as that many other Biblical places and people existed at one point in time, even if they do not anymore. 5. What can Christians do to address these objections and infract communicate the Christian gospel?As Christians, when we approach someone and begin to talk about our faith, it may seem like they are a slender frightened, or maybe just upset and unwilling to take a leap of faith. They maybe feel like we have come on withal strong, even though we know that we are just eager to talk about our faith. It is important for Christians to learn that we need to be patient with others but in addition diligent as we share the gospel of Christ.

Judicial Method: Activism vs Formalism

discriminatory Method activism versus formalism A new era has emerged from the friendly and legal changes that have occurred in Australia. The age of Judicial activism has taken over the more traditional method of legal formalism. Supporters of the latters concerns that it promotes power without responsibility, and blurs the dissolution of powers, however the supporters of the former agree that inevitable changes in society force the judiciary to acknowledge that juridical formalism is a method that is not entirely obsolete, but takes is less of a primary concern as it were, compared to other factors that effect a case.Those who are in favour of judicial activism argue that social change has increased the assume for legal change and judges hire to be able to withstand decisions considering external factors and using processes other than the law that make judicial method more subjective, adhering to legislation and legal policy but giving more significant acknowledgement to situational factors. The Honourable Michael Kirbys pro-activism article centers just about the view that judicial method must divert from the traditional method of legalism that justness Kirby defines as severe logic and superior technique.It starts by outlining the need for the judiciary to make this transition into judicial activism due to societal changes, where strict legalism is put under pressure. justice Kirby then goes on to explain that the method of judicial activism should not be abused by the judges, where it should be anchored in legal authority and be neither wholly mechanical or excessively originative. He describes that ease be used when using judicial activism to ensure that a total ignorance of the written law does not occur .A correspondent article about pro-activism by Michael Coper agrees that the phenomenon of social change. has accelerated the rate of legal change and put a pressure on concepts like strict logic and high technique , thus supporting th e viewpoint that judicial activism is a reaction to social change. Another article by Frank Carrigan praises Justice Kirbys use of judicial activism directly, outlining this by comparing Justice Kirbys methods with Gava, a strong believer in the Dixonian theory of legalism.It explains that even Chief Justice Dixon J, considered to be a leader in the legal formalism movement, used contradictory methods of judgment, promoting legalism but applying judicial activism . This is evidence that change to judicial activism is inevitable as societal changes occur. Pertaining to the other articles, however, at that stern are some shortfalls in Justice Kirbys article that must be addressed. Firstly, the article does outline that certain restraint must be used when applying judicial activism in the process for a judgment.However, exactly how this restraint will be measured, or the factors to be considered in which a judges judicial method is considered to cross these boundaries are not mention ed in his article. He also fails to describe the consequences of the divergence of judicial formalism, that a stroke of the independent judges to keep external factors other than the legal text as impartial dynamics rather than personal ones would result in a cataclysmic failure to achieve justice. A loss in consistency would result in a loss in public confidence in the judicial system.Also, Justice Kirbys proposal of a more transparent judgment, where the judicial method and processes used to achieve a judgment is open to the public public for critique, may be a technique in which to make sure that a judge does not overstep the restraints, but by openly presenting the judicial method and decision process of a controversial judgment for critique to a society that is already critical of the judicial system may backfire and result in a further loss of public confidence instead of building credibility.Contrasting against Justice Kirbys heavily prejudice pro-activism article, is Jus tice Heydons article that describes the absolute need for adherence and paramount importance to the impartial application of the legal text. Justice Heydons article intelligibly outlines what Justice Kirbys article does not, the downfalls of having a judiciary use judicial activism. Justice Heydon points out that by allowing judges to use judicial activism, it tends to the destruction of the hulk of law by impairing two qualities that are expected of a judge, a firm grip on the applicable law andtotal probity. The article continues to say that there is a blurring of the separation of powers, and this becomes a problem as the facility for a legislature to make laws compared to that of a judge results in concerns about the clarity, inconsistency, determination and retrospectivity of the laws that are changed or made by the judiciary. Justice Heydon proposes that it is not primarily the function of the judiciary to create and change laws, that it should be a control amount, limite d to the legislature, and that the failure to adhere to judicial formalism or legalism would result in failures in various areas of the application of law .John Gavas article adds to the need for strict legalism, by indicating that human error in judges can create issues in consistency, and that with a state of mind the is of legalism, a more institutional mindset can be achieved that relies more on a collective wisdom which create decision that conform, rather than those that are more individualized when judicial activism is applied .Owen Dixons article further outlines a deeper issue at hand with the abandonment of judicial formalism, the loss of the ability to develop legal principle. It states that there was a attempt to develop the law as a science which would not be possible by neglecting the very strict logic and high technique that is constantly used to describe legalism . As with any legalistic paradigm or state of mind, it is inherent that there will be a pro to a con, an advantage to a disadvantage.According to these articles it is clear that the more common emergence of activism is due mainly to societal change, and the resurrection of formalism has occurred due to concern for the drawbacks that takes place with activism, and rightly so. The former three pro-activism articles and the latter three pro-legalism/formalism articles compliment each other in revealing the advantages and flaws of both judicial methods.After the analyses of these articles, it is evident that an appropriate balance between the two judicial methods be maintained, always changing, according to the change in Australias society. Bibliography Justice j D Heydon, Judicial activism and the death of the rule of law, (2003), 23 Aust Bar Rev 110 John Gava, ANOTHER BLAST FROM THE PAST OR WHY THE LEFT SHOULD EMBRACE tight LEGALISM A REPLY TO FRANK CARRIGAN, (2003) 27 Melb U. L. Rev. 188 The Right Honourable Sir Owen Dixon, G. C. M. G, Concerning Judicial Method, (1956) 29 The Austral ian Law Journal 469

Functional, Business and Global Strategies Essay

a. The module focuses on the companys/divisions business level strategies and global strategies. You will need to resultant the following questions.Anheuser-Busch Inbev is one of the largest breweries in the world. Currently, Anheuser-Busch InBev has a product list of more than 200 beers, including global best-sellers developweiser, Stella Artois, Becks, multi-country fools like Leffe and Hoegaarden, and strong local jewels such as Bud Light, Skol, Brahma, Quilmes, Michelob, Harbin, Sedrin, Cass, Klinskoye, Sibirskaya Korona, Chernigivske, and Jupiler, among another(prenominal)s that hire helped to make the company so successful. In addition, to their consume brands, AB InBev owns a 50 percent share in Grupo Modelo, which is Mexicos leading brewers that own the global Corona brand. AB InBev also owns a 27 percent share in the China brewer Tsingtao. (Workman, 2009)Since Anheuser-Busch InBev has a vast variety of food markets without the world we could see different stratums i n the vivification cycle through these different markets. For example Western Europe has a Consumer resistant (declining stage of the life cycle). USA, UK France, Switzerland and Latin America construct a mature market. Eastern and Central Europe have a market that consolidation considered life cycle and Africa, China, India and Indonesia have a fragmented or introductory life cycle. To be able to do the analysis we will be considering the beer industry life cycle stage as a whole, this stage according to the analyst, the life cycle stage of the beer industry and Anheuser-Busch Inbev has already entered its maturity stage. In this stage product features may be enhanced in order to differentiate them from competitors, pricing is normally lower, distribution is more intensive, and promotion emphasizes brand image and product differences. (workman, 2009)Ghebrial,2009)1. Based on these product, market, or distinctive competency choices, what generic business-level scheme is your com pany pursuing?AB InBev has a chosen a differentiated strategy offering ridiculous or distinctive products to many kinds of consumers, where their main focus is to gain market share from highly concentrated and agonistical US markets and also to focus on international increasing potential markets expanding its global market. Because brands are the foundation of AB InBev, they place major value on their relationship with consumers.These strategic involvements can be traced back to the archetype establishments of both Anheuser-Busch and Inbev, before they merge. They established brand loyalty with their consumers and due to this AB InBev has chosen to focus their current and future investments on special brands that have proven to be profitable. These specific brands have been identified as Stella Artois, Becks and Budweiser. To date, the brands chosen have outperformed other InBev products and announced in the Q3 Press smother on November 6th, InBev had gained or maintained mark et share in eight of their ten markets (AB InBev, 2011).As for the differentiation strategy AB InBev we should expect products to be renovated and fundament to be a high predominance in the company (e.g. updating packaging and brand image). As a whole AB Inbev plans to keep the original strategies that Anheuser Busch and Inbev had proven to be effective (differentiation strategy).(Ghebrial,2009) 2. Discuss how your company has attempted to develop a emulous strategy to protect its business-level strategy. For example, if your company is operating in an embryotic industry, discuss the ways it has attempted to increase its competitive advantage over time. If it operates in a mature industry, discuss how it has tried to manage the inlet and rivalry.AB InBev has protected its own business-level strategy in many different ways. As a companys main mission to be the greatest beer in the world, they have achieved competitive strategies to be able to protect their business-level strategie s Sprinkler Expansion strategy, Aggressive market Strategy and Consumer Responsiveness Approach.Sprinkler Expansion Strategy As the worlds largest brewer, AB Inbev has the world power to compete in new and foreign markets as a strong threat. Due to their enormous capital and expansion-based strategy, they can enter any market as a challenger and shutdown competition to become the leading brewer in this market. As an aggregated note we can also see this in domestic or already dominated markets because due to economics of scale they can achieve differentiated products at a low speak to.Aggressive Marketing Strategy AB InBev has been characterized in the US and in international markets as one of the most aggressive marketing in the world, these is due to their differentiation strategy and the sprinkler expansion strategy. AB InBev utilizes their extensive capital to capture as much as the market as they can and be able to be soma one, in all markets they can. Another added value to this strategy is making all AB Inbev consumers brand loyal, this meaning that they can retain their customers.Consumer Responsiveness Approach Consumer reactivity approach or Customer-foc employ approach is the strategy that maintains this brand loyalty through the brand. I believe that AB InBev is one of the best breweries that respond to consumers in all(prenominal) way. As we can see in the chart below AB InBev focuses on costumer responsiveness to assure their business-level strategy.Ghebrial,2009)b. Your company is already doing business in other countries. AB InBev is the largest brewery in the world, and has as a mission to be the worlds greatest beer company in the world. Having more than 200 brands and have expanded to more than 30 countries explains in simple statistics the growth mold of this company. As they explicitly site in their Annual financial statement At Anheuser-Busch InBev, we are focused on building a world-class consumer product company for the 21st centu ry- and delivering on our exceptional potential for value creation through consistent top-line growth and expanding profitability in the world.AB InBev has not only shown this through the last years but has a consistent growth pattern through the years, as we can see in the two pictures below, InBev the father company of AB InBev has grown through the years creating this brand loyalty and acquiring new companies to strive and become the greatest beer company in the world.(Ghebrial,2009)1. What strategy is your company pursuing to compete globally? In your opinion, is this the correct strategy, given cost pressures and pressures for local responsiveness?The company has established a well rounded plan to be able to expand globally Dream-people Culture platform, correct Brands, Right markets, Industry Leading Reach and Resources and Financial discipline.Dream-People-Culture AB InBev are able to drive the execution of their strategies because their unique platform. The people represent the major sustainable competitive advantage. The culture is based on accountability, integrity, continual improvement and mindset of doing the right thing for the long run.Right Brands The Brands constitute a big advantage, comprising one of the strongest brand portfolios of any consumer products company, including 14 brands with estimated retail sales value of more than 1 billion USD. (AB InBev, 2011) The chosen brands entitle a great advantage in existence able to expand into markets throughout the world.Right Markets The company positions itself in the right markets. A good share in most of the worlds prime minister markets for beer, including the industrys most profitable beer market, as well as Brazil and China. (AB InBev, 2011) The balance of their expansion and the fast growing emerging markets promotes profitability in the long-term.Industry-Leading Reach and Resources AB InBev has the ability to compete effectively on a global scale. Due to the Industry-Leading Reach and Resources, including their presence in 23 countries and uniform processes that assure consistent performance globally. (AB InBev, 2011)Financial Discipline Another major factor in this global strategic plan, is the competency of cost efficiency, which enables us to convert non-working money in areas as administrative overhead into working money to be devoted to investments in growth. (AB InBev, 2011)2. What major foreign market does your company serve, and what mood has it used to enter this market? Why is your company active in these markets and not others? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using this mode of entre? Might another mode of entry be preferable?Holding business in 23 different countries, AB-InBev has developed number one or number two positions in assorted markets throughout the world, including North America, Latin America South, Latin America North, Western Europe and Eastern, Central Europe and Asia. As a major expanding company as we say in the prev ious graph, we state that one of the major entry modes of AB InBev has been steady in acquiring or merging with powerful companies in the market of interest to be able to compete in a number one or number two position.The company uses this mode of entry to be able to compete in the present market, use their capital and become the leading company in the market. Having the power and capital, they prefer to enter the market with global brands know to everyone like Stella Arlois and Budweiser, as well as to adopt the current favorite beer (e.g. Corona, Quilmes) to compete as a global and local company. As we can see AB InBev is in all the major markets of the world being successful in most of them, as their financial statement says, they research markets where they can provide extreme customer responsiveness and achieve profitability and growth.In the below graph we can see what companies AB InBev has acquired or merged with to for the most important markets in the six regions describe d before.AB InBev has chosen this method of entry, but there is one more specific entry mode that can be argued to be a better fit for the company and this is to form a wholly owned business in the new market. This could take up the benefit of owning all of the business and creating a culture of their own and being as successful as they have been in their home markets.In my esteem this would be a mistake and should not be done any other way than their original and current plan of expansion. By investing as well much capital and taking the whole risk on their own they have a much better chance to take over other companies keep selling their top brands as discussed before and enter the market with their world famous beer, that have exceeded revenue expectations in the past.

Professional Development Plan

Furthermore it will discuss techniques widely utilized include multiple association memberships, advanced/continuing education courses, and association with and In twain student and professional resource groups. This paper will Identify and discuss two professional membership organizations and rationalize why each would be practiced as a psychology professional. It will also identify and discuss one potential resource to utilize as a net give waying element and explain the steps to realize the opportunity so presented.Lastly this paper will evaluate and discuss the benefits resented by net actioning among such groups and how they might support vocational goals and objectives. Introduction took an undergrad class called Positive Psychology and it empowered me more than I thought it would. One supplemental book that was used Strength Finders 2. 0 (Rata, 2007). Not solo did it put me In the right mind-set but it also allowed me to make the right decision career-wise. I was trying to decide whether or not to ensue a MS or M. A. In Psychology. After reading Rates book and applying It to my personal vitality, I finally stuck to what was in my heart counseling.No coursework actually influenced me to stick with a Masters in Psychology course. I was attending Morehouse College attempting to pursue Pre-Med Biology and was required to take a few psychology classes, after having a deeper understanding of what psychology was, I was hooked and changed my major. My passion for servicinging individuals has directly and indirectly influenced the career field Im pursuing. It has always been a passion of mine to help youth. As I became older and matured in life over the years, eventide been equal to(p) to direct what I want to do In life In a more concrete direction.I started from mating to be a pediatrician, because I wanted to help kids, to now in the process of becoming a therapist, still helping kids. At 29, Im still learning that I dont know as much as I think I do. Eve wise(p) that in order to be the best at what Im trying to do, I lease to apply myself much more than Im doing now. The various theories Eve covered thereof far has given me a greater outlook on the past and what the future can be. Everything that Im learning can be used in many looking at and I wont fully know the extent of what Ive learned until I sire to use it in practical application career- sis.Im learning to be profound and respectful of theories and Ideas that do not appeal to me or that I dont agree with. When It returns to Interest, goals and values, It is something that I do not compromise on, especially my values. I use to work at a 1 OFF plan and come up with something that will help them start the process of discharging in the future. Kind of like a therapist but without the therapy part and licensee aspect. I have clients ask me things, ask for things and tell me thing that are far from my values. What I have to remember is that, Im not here to teach m y ales, Im here to make transformations.Its hard sometimes because Im dealing with clients from all walks of life and theyve been through hell and back. What it does for me is allow me to appreciate the values that I do have that have allowed me to make it to where I am now. Goal wise, the field that I am in now is where I want to be for the rest of my life. As I stated before, I initially began with wanting to be a pediatrician but as reality set in for me I decided that I can still help people but Just in a different facet, that being through psychology.The things Eve learned over the ears and the experiences Eve have, whether positive or negative are all tools that Eve acquired that will allow me to help others reach and overcome the issues that they whitethorn be struggling with. That is why I love working with youth because I seem to relate to them and I can interact with them on a take that is not belittling or degrading. The overused click The Children Are Our Future, is so mething that I take seriously and that is why I love doing what I do and I will continue to fine tune my craft and gift that I believe was given to me for a reason.Different Occupations There are a embarrassment of occupations within psychology that are regulated by state licensee and certification but for the purpose of this paper only two will be address clinical and counseling. Clinical Psychologist This area includes interviewing, observation and testing all clinical psychologists need to be thoroughly trained in this area and should be able to choose the correct type of testing/method when conducting this with the client.They test such things as intellect, cognitive processes, and social functioning along with this, being able to go through the test is also essential to clinical psychologist. As well as being able to conduct test, a major role also includes the qualification to diagnosis using multiple models. Giving the client the inner strength to acclimatize themselves to change and gain a sense of power in fooling living. The ability to implement and conduct different programs both basic and applied. This is a fundamental function of clinical psychologist in both clinical and academic formats.Working with peers who work with clients, interacting with peers, contributing their services for the bettering of the program, and obtaining supervision. Clinical psychologists have a skill set which revises a much needed service to society. They use it by practicing, creating and evaluating applied and scientific skills (Avails & Hoses, 1996). Specific requirements for a Masters Level Program An individual with a masters degree cannot call themselves Psychologists because they have not obtained the degree level (Ph. D or Sys. D) to have that title.Those at the masters level can only call themselves clinicians or therapist. This is granted only after successively completing an accredited masters level program accordingly passing the exam to become licensed in a particular state(s). After taking the exam they will take individuals stop at this level for various reasons such as not wanting to go back to school for the doctoral level degree, their Job does not require a higher(prenominal) level of education than the LCP/ALP, or they feel comfortable at the level of credentials and education they currently hold.There are plenty of careers for therapist/clinicians adept in the masters level such as academics, counseling centers, independent practice, human service agencies, hospitals, medical centers, and business/industries (Sternberg, 2007) position it depends on the direction an individual wants to take. Specific requirements for a Doctoral Level Program Obtaining a Ph. D or Sys. D is a slightly different pass that requires more years of education and allows you the excerpt to become a psychologist or psychiatrist. There are only a couple of states that allow you to prescribe medication as a psychologist.Many individuals take this ro ute because of the higher level it allows one to begin at, others for the particular specialized area of career one decides to get in. These individuals are held to a higher level of step and their expectations are also higher due to the lengthy amount of education and experience they bring. In a study one at Rutgers University they found that A greater number of Ph. D. Alumni received other honors and awards, and Sys. D. Graduates did not out- perform Ph. D( Bond, 2010). The study in itself, although Just one study, shows that the only difference lies in the selection that an individual wants to take.There are few differences in the Ph. D and the Sys. D but the main question is what direction you want career moving toward. Most Ph. D programs focus more on research while most Sys. D programs prepare for psychology practice (Translators, 2011). Vail Model The Vail Model formed in 1973 in Vail, Colorado at a conference because of the ongoing levels of disagreement from the Boulder c onference. The supporters at the Vail conference believed that psychology was broad enough to have another designator other than the Ph. D (Norris & Castle, 2002).They suggested that there should be a difference between practitioners and scientist so they formed what we now know as Sys. D. Unlike the PDP. D program, the Sys. D could be housed in one of three different settings (1) University Departments (2) University Professional Schools and (3) Freestanding Institutions (Norris & Castle, 2002). Boulder Model The Boulder Model was founded in 1949 at a clinical psychology conference in Boulder, Colorado. The purpose of the conference was to provide training and was the first of its kind.Duality was given to clinical psychologist as scientist- practitioners (Norris & Castle, 2002). Two other milestones were crossed (1) the required degree established was the Ph. D and (2) they wanted the training to be within the department and not a stand-alone establishment (Norris & Castle, 2002). Personal Strengths and Weakness Many of my strengths come from personal experiences and workplace experiences because many of the Jobs Eve held and many of the areas in which Eve volunteered in ere of the mental health aspect or dealt with community services and counseling.My exceed personality and willingness to go out on a limb for my fellow man is a huge strength of mine. Im able to empathic with other peoples emotions and experiences. This aspect allows me to quickly and honestly build a rapport with those who I am working with. Some of my weaknesses are the field itself. Im a rookie and stubbornness to digest new ideas which are outside of my personal beliefs. Let me say that I love learning new things that will further enhance and expound my transposition but I know that for me personally, other ideas outside of what I feel comfortable with, is an area that I struggle in.This is something that I know I would need to work on because it could hinder my ability to learn thing s beneficial to me. Techniques and Growth The American Psychological Association and the American Counseling Association are just two of the many outlets that are available. These organizations hold conferences and publish material to provide resources to those in the profession. Graduate and post-graduate schools are also a good resource because of the veteran(a) staff, arums, mini conferences, and meetings related to those in the profession.It is also good to become involved in various organizations to assist with networking and gaining knowledge. Summary and Conclusion I feel hellish to have taken this course and to be apart such a growing field which changes the lives of so many people each day. I am learning much and I will always reflect on what Eve learned in this course and future ones as well. Each day Im continuing to take what Eve learned and apply it to my personal everyday life. The enjoyment Eve experienced and the trials Eve been able to overcome are a direct exult o f this course and other.

Environmental Problem: Buried Waste Disposal Sites

Buried drop organization turn ups, especially those be near or the actual spots for residential houses, pose heavy(p) threats to the health and wellbeing individuals who will be exposed more specifically to contaminated water systems. ( mount on Buried fluff at INL Site, 2008) Aside from the contamination of the water system that might burden to illnesses and diseases caused by water-borne bacteria and viruses, residential houses built on conceal drive away disposal come ins might see extreme termite or rodent problems which are unsanitary and harmful to the health of families who live in the area.An other issue is the impending threat of obtaining respiratory illnesses from air pollution caused by the excessive amount of chemicals and other compounds present in the area. (Krieger & Higgins, 2002) When it comes to the safety of living in an area built on a buried waste disposal site, there are little guarantees that the foundation of the houses is solid enough to last for the succeeding(a) decade. Chemical processes that take place due to the contact of chemicals underneath the soil might affect the timberland of the land and its ability to be unyielding to deterioration and wreckage.(Fact Sheet, 2006) Learning that the house my family and I has been staying for in the past fifteen years was built over a buried waste disposal site would cause a sudden alarm. There is a need to report this issue to politics, or institutions who are involved with the issue and will be able to help resolve the problems. Government agencies, real commonwealth institutions, neighbors, and other private institutions that specialize in the area of environmental policies and implementation should be informed of much(prenominal) problem.Next, there is a need to recommend evacuation to safer areas for the meantime while studies will be conducted to root the potential problems that have affected the topography of the area and the potential problems that might have long-te rm upshots on individuals who have stayed in the area during the last decade. Also, undergoing medical examination and health-related assessments would be a great go forward to determine if the time spent living within the area has had an impact on our health and wellbeing.In wrong of evaluating the land located over a buried waste disposal site, there are miscellaneous techniques or approaches available to evaluate potential problems in the future. To determine the impact of the buried waste on the water system, there is a need to implement the processes of waste containment, area restrictions, and groundwater monitoring. Although water sampling would satiate in ascertain the level of contamination, if present, in the water system, there is a need to implement a thorough process of involving not only the groundwater but the buried wastes in the area.These processes will help authorities to determine whether the buried waste is affecting the water system, and if not, to establ ish ways to prevent it from happening. Moreover, this will likewise help in determining whether the people who have lived in the area have been exposed to knockout bacteria or viruses from the contaminated water system. (Fact Sheet, 2006) Another method of approaching the buried waste disposal site problem is the implementation of the baseline risk assessment. This process helps environmental officers and professionals in determining the types of contaminants present in the area.Through the use of historical records and other information that pertain to how the waste disposal site was managed in the past, environment conscious institutions will be able to determine how to approach the problem. They will be able to determine what types of contaminants to look for based on the types of waste disposed in the area. (Buried waste product Environmental Investigation, 2006) Perhaps the most thorough process of evaluating the risks posed by the buried waste disposal site is the risk scree ning approach.This process follows the direction of the potential impacts that the waste might produce, from its source to its law of closure stages. The site will be screened in every aspect and dimensions, making sure that possible effect are identified. Once this is concluded, it is time to conduct prevention measures according to the level or priority depending on the magnitude of damage or threat that the site may impose on the area and gay life. (Environmental Protection Agency, 2007) References Background on Buried Waste at INL Site. (2008).Retrieved November 11, 2008, from Idaho Cleanup Project. Website http//www. id. doe. gov/NEWS/PressReleases/PR080701-Announcement/HistoryofBuriedWaste. pdf Buried Waste Environmental Investigation. (2006). Retrieved November 11, 2008, from Idaho Cleanup Project. Website https//idahocleanupproject. com/Portals/0/documents/BuriedWaste%20factsheet%20english%20FINAL. pdf Environmental Protection Agency. (2007). CODE OF PRACTICE Environmen tal Risk judgment for Unregulated Waste Disposal Sites. Website http//www. epa.ie/downloads/advice/waste/waste/epa_cop_waste_disposal_sites. pdf Fact Sheet. (2006). Retrieved November 11, 2008, from Environmental Protection Agency. Website http//www. epa. gov/region7/factsheets/2006/fs_eeca_former_ne_plant_mead_ne1106. htm Krieger, J. & Higgins, D. L. (2002). Housing and health Time Again for Public Health Action. American Journal of Public Health, Volume 92, Issue 5. Retrieved November 11, 2008, from ProQuest. Website http//proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=118106560&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=4538&RQT=309&VName=PQD

The Da Vinci Code EPILOGUE

Robert Langdon awoke with a start. He had been dreaming. The bathrobe beside his bed bore the monogram HOTEL RITZ PARIS.He saw a dim light filtering with the blinds. Is it dusk ordawn? he wondered.Langdons body felt up warm and deeply contented. He had slept the better part of the cash in ones chips two years. posing up slowly in bed, he now realized what had awoken him the strangest thought. For day she had been trying to sort through a barrage of information, but now Langdon found himself fixed on something hed not considered before.Could it be?He remained motionless a long moment.Getting start of bed, he walked to the marble shower. Stepping inside, he let the all-powerful jets message his shoulders. Still, the thought enthralled him.Impossible.Twenty minutes later, Langdon stepped out of the Hotel Ritz into Place Vendme. Night was falling. The days of sleep had left him disoriented and yet his mind felt oddly lucid. He had promised himself he would lodge in the hotel lobb y for a cafe au lait to clear his thoughts, but instead his legs carried him directly out the front door into the gathering Paris night.Walking east on Rue des Petits Champs, Langdon felt a growing excitement. He turned south onto Rue Richelieu, where the air grew sweet with the scent of florescence jasmine from the stately gardens of the Palais Royal.He continued south until he saw what he was looking for the famous olympian arcade a glistening expanse of polished black marble. Moving onto it, Langdon scanned the surface at a lower business office his feet. at bottom seconds, he found what he knew was there several bronze medallions embedded in the ground in a perfectly straight line. Each disk was five inches in diameter and embossed with the letter N and S.Nord. Sud.He turned due south, letting his eye trace the extended line make by the medallions. He began moving again, following the trail, watching the pavement as he walked. As he cut across the corner of the Comedie -Franaise, another bronze medallion passed beneath his feet. YesThe streets of Paris, Langdon had learned years ago, were adorned with 135 of these bronze markers, embedded in sidewalks, courtyards, and streets, on a north-south axis across the city. He had adept time followed the line from Sacre-Coeur, north across the Seine, and finally to the ancient Paris Observatory. There he discovered the implication of the sacred path it traced.The earths original prime meridian.The first zero longitude of the world.Pariss ancient Rose Line. Now, as Langdon travel across Rue de Rivoli, he could feel his destination within reach. Less than a block away.The sanctum grail neath ancient Roslin waits.The revelations were coming now in waves. Saunieres ancient spelling of Roslin the blade and chalice the grave adorned with masters art.Is that why Sauniere needed to talk with me? Had I unknowingly guessed the truth?He broke into a jog, feeling the Rose Line beneath his feet, guiding him, pullin g him toward his destination. As he entered the long dig of Passage Richelieu, the hairs on his neck began to bristle with anticipation. He knew that at the end of this tunnel stood the most deep of Parisian monuments conceived and commissioned in the 1980s by the Sphinx himself, Franois Mitterrand, a man rumored to move in recondite sets, a man whose final legacy to Paris was a place Langdon had visited only if days before. other lifetime.With a final surge of energy, Langdon burst from the passageway into the familiar courtyard and came to a stop. Breathless, he raise his eyes, slowly, disbelieving, to the glistening structure in front of him.The Louvre Pyramid.Gleaming in the darkness.He admired it only a moment. He was more interested in what lay to his right. Turning, he felt his feet again shadow the invisible path of the ancient Rose Line, carrying him across the courtyard to the Carrousel du Louvre the enormous circle of grass surrounded by a perimeter of neatly tri mmed h march ons once the site of Pariss immemorial nature-worshipping festivals joyous rites to celebrate fertility and the Goddess. Langdon felt as if he were crossing into another world as he stepped over the bushes to the grassy area within. This hallowed ground was now marked by one of the citys most unusual monuments. There in the center, plunging into the earth like a crystal chasm, gaped the giant upside-down pyramid of glass that he had seen a few nights ago when he entered the Louvres subterranean entresol.La Pyramide Inversee.Tremulous, Langdon walked to the edge and peered down into the Louvres sprawling underground complex, aglow with amber light. His eye was trained not just on the massive inverted pyramid, but on what lay directly beneath it. There, on the floor of the chamber below, stood the tiniest of structures a structure Langdon had mentioned in his manuscript.Langdon felt himself awaken fully now to the thrill of unthinkable possibility. rhytidectomy his ey es again to the Louvre, he sensed the huge wings of the museum enveloping him hallways that burgeoned with the worlds finest art.Da Vinci BotticelliAdorned in masters loving art, She lies.Alive with wonder, he stared once again down(prenominal) through the glass at the diminutive structure below.I must go down thereStepping out of the circle, he hurried across the courtyard back toward the towering pyramid entrance of the Louvre. The days last visitors were trickling out of the museum.Pushing through the revolving door, Langdon descended the swerve staircase into the pyramid. He could feel the air grow cooler. When he reached the bottom, he entered the long tunnel that stretched beneath the Louvres courtyard, back toward La Pyramide Inversee.At the end of the tunnel, he emerged into a large chamber. Directly before him, pause down from above, gleamed the inverted pyramid a breathtaking V-shaped contour of glass.The goblet.Langdons eyes traced its narrowing form downward to its tip, suspended only six feet above the floor. There, directly beneath it, stood the tiny structure.A miniature pyramid. whole three feet tall. The only structure in this colossal complex that had been built on a modest scale.Langdons manuscript, while discussing the Louvres elaborate collection of goddess art, had made passing note of this modest pyramid. The miniature structure itself protrudes up through the flooras though it were the tip of an iceberg the apex, of an enormous, pyramidical vault, submerged below like a mysterious chamber.Illuminated in the soft lights of the deserted entresol, the two pyramids pointed at one another, their bodies perfectly aligned, their tips almost touching.The Chalice above. The Blade below.The blade and chalice guarding oer Her gates.Langdon heard Marie Chauvels words. One day it will dawn on you.He was standing beneath the ancient Rose Line, surrounded by the work of masters. What better place for Sauniere to keep watch? Now at last, he s ensed he understood the true marrow of the Grand Masters verse. Raising his eyes to heaven, he gazed upward through the glass to a glorious, star-filled night.She rests at last beneath the starry skies.Like the murmurs of spirits in the darkness, forgotten words echoed. The quest for the Holy Grail is the quest to kneel before the bones of Mary Magdalene. A journey to pray at the feet of the outcast one.With a sudden upwelling of reverence, Robert Langdon fell to his knees.For a moment, he thought he heard a womans go the wisdom of the ages whispering up from the chasms of the earth.

Health and Social Care Management Essay

Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933), delimit precaution as the art of getting things done through people. This may seem a precise narrow angle for some, nevertheless, the philosophical concept of forethought, relies on results being obtained through people. The nature and type of eliminatelers has been an emerging concept since the early 19th century, a great deal linked toadministration and being the middle give in organisations resulting to filter objectives to employees and vice versa, filtering employees involve to senior round within the organisation. In my eyeshot anxiety is a set of hierarchy adding to arrive at a common objective.As a Patient Advise Liaison Service (PALS) and S buildholder Engagement and mesh Manger, my role is predominantly to manage the client wait on role for the C ar corporate trust. Up until recently the C atomic number 18 trust was specialist in psychogenic Health and Learning Disabilities. The Trust is now at the stage of applyin g to be discern a member of base Trust Status, which involves recruiting members to overhaul shape the future of the organisation (BDCT, 2013)My role stand be sceneed in sp be of Mintzbergs headings Liaison, Monitor, disseminator and spokesperson. I am the Liaison between the organisation and the police squad, and as well the wider avail engrossrs. I monitor the groups performance, turnivities and disseminate information from the organisation to many third sector organisations, such(prenominal) as BAMHAG and ACAS, twain of which are advocacy operate for Mental Health service usersAs cited in Mullins (2010) by Crainer, management is making things happen. My role can in addition belong in with Crainers model as I am heavily involved in making sure that the team up can extend to objectives. The difficulty with the statement of making things happen is dependent upon each soulfulnesss want and their psyche circumstances. I touch that as an individual I am in the in fancy stages of my headacheer and assume pauperism with clear define, SMART, goals (Mullins, 2010).The music directors role and activities perplex a different number of models and theories which are used to explain what a managing director does, or should do. Some of these are explained by the followingFayols model behaviors at Planning, organising, command, co-ordinate and control. My management role does suck in a real element of Fayols model, but I found this entrance to be quite restricted, my role involves a lot of pauperism, or the circumstance that is how I manage.Druckers model looks at settings objectives, organising, motivating and communicating. I feel that this is the best fit for my style and role. The limitation of this model is that it has a less authoritarian approach to it, and as I begin discovered in my witnesss can lead to the team that is being managed almost ab employ a take aim of candour.Stewart describes the management role as to say the activ ities and role dependant on demands, constraints, and choices. Again, this can also fit in with my role and management style but is demanding on some of the authority that is needed.The management style as described by Blake and Moulton in their grid looks at theatre director stiffness versus efficiency. These are what I imagine to be key qualities, attributes and skills of a successful bus. There is however room for a change in style dependant on circumstances.My role is to manage the Patient Advice and Liaison Service for the Trust to batten the service is visible and accessible to uncomplainings, their families and assistancers through analysis of contact information and evaluation of take in. To develop procedures to batten dget effectiveness of core business of service. The implementation of a telephone rota and advertised business hours has been an issue. Service users that are known to the team through historical running(a) rehearses a good deal end up having ad hoc meetings in the office. This is some(prenominal) disruptive to another(prenominal) supply and can also be deemed as unprofessional.However, the posticular service users call for a high level of dependency on the PALS officers. My initial reaction to this as a manager was that we needed to bring in a timet able for appointment, so that PALs officers are non severing a link with the service users but for an element of empowering o take place, as explained by Banduras self -efficacy service. If an individual is told they can non look after themselves, eventually they believe that. However use empowerment can allow for service users to pick up their own strengths. As a manager the challenge I face is that PALS officers havedifferent levels of motivation and different triggers for motivation.Mullins 2010 defines motivation as why people behave in a certain way, why people do what they do. This is explained further to say that the heed and persistence of action. It is concer ned when people choose a particular course of action in preference to others, and why they continue with a chosen action, often over a long period of time and in the face of difficulties and problems. This is true of two in a positive and negative light. An example form the team that I manage is that PALS officers are often on the in-patient wards to promote the service of PALS and to ask those people that would otherwise not be able to annul a concern.My critique of this authority was that a service can only be promoted to a certain level, otherwise it can be over promoted and this is where we find the leaflets that are pass on out, just thrown about. My view is that each interaction should make a difference to the PALS officers. They should be able to understand that unless they found a new way of operative, they are offering a counselling service, for which they are not qualified to do or paid to do. Again the discussion around empowerment was quite useful in high spot to P ALS officers that they are not there to nanny service users.I provide day to day management for PALS provide including provision of formal supervision there is also need to provide ad hoc supervision, this may be in order to admit staff in dealing with sensitive, upsetting, distressed cases / clients. I also receive and deal with complex cases or where cases require escalation from offices dealing with sensitive, highly emotive issues and dealing with clients who may be extremely upset and / or distressed.My role is also that of a Stakeholder engagement and pursuit manager, which has a very corporal approach. I am responsible for forging relationships with both internal and external stakeholders. As discussed, the roles of PALS manager and stakeholder engagement and pastime manager does occasionally cause conflict, they are not natural roles that would come together. My understanding is that my predecessor had an interest in this area and so the role became theirs, and as such has been handed over.Another challenge to the above is that my role is job-shared. My co-colleague also works to manage PALS and stakeholder engagement. The conflict in that situation is that this individual is also a PALS officers, this meat balancing three work roles out of which theSince the Mid Staffordshire dubiousness (2012) a huge push has been taking place to ascertain processes and procedures are in place for service users/patients, carers and communities to have their say. The Francis Report (2013) highlights 290 key recommendations for organisations providing care. As part of my role I had to identify the key areas for increment which are most relevant to the PALS officers and stakeholder roles.Prior to my joining of the team, an internal consultation was underway and when I fall in the deadline for the consultation period was looming, however, I was able to be a spokesperson for the team ( Mintzberg) by memory up to encounter with PALS policy and guidance and deve lop local procedures for the Trust in relation to PALS. This had to be robust process which could iron out some of the concernsI also work with the Head of Involvement and Equality to develop the PALS service to ensure the service meets requirements for the transformation agenda. At the moment I do this by having monthly meetings and adhoc regular contact. Again fitting in with Maslows hierarchy of ineluctably I need this regular contact to oppose and improve my effectiveness as a manager. i of the challenges that I face is to fundamentaltain an overview of the system used to phonograph recording PALS cases. This is to ensure information related to quality of services including equality data and patient experiences are recorded and effectively used across the organisation. I also develop local and Trust wide reporting mechanisms to do this. The challenge is the operational side of getting staff to actually record. I depart need to consider the barriers to this during the one to one supervision sessions.The affair function of my role is quite wide but a lot of the work involved looks at developing systems using IT based programmes to support the equality and involvement agendas including development of effectivestakeholder engagement mechanisms to record stakeholders and involvement activities. I also keep up to date with patient experience guidance and to work alongside the Patient Involvement and Experience Manager by ensuring that PALS contacts are recorded accurately and are reported in line with patient experience indicators and commissioning requirements.The NHS has undergone a huge change in the direction of strategies and financial decisions that are made. (DOH, 2013) The failure of previous managing organisations such as the Primary wangle Trust, has meant that a lot of the workload from there PCT has now moved over to the Care Trust. The experience of patients is very important in this process as it highlights that brusque management can le ave patients to have poor experience. (Patients Association, 2013)I MANAGE A TEAM, BUT ALSO HAVE TO piss AS PART OF A TEAM. MY MAIN ROLE IS THE LEARNING CURVE FOR MYSELF AND TO OBTAIN THE LOCAL KNOWLEDGE HELD BY THE PALS OFFICERS. I ransom REGULAR TEAM BRIEFING SESSIONS, SHARE INFORMATION, SKILLS AND EXPERIENCES WITH COLLEAGUES LISTEN AND ARE OPEN TO THE VIEWS OF OTHERS. I ACTIVELY WORK TO DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS WITH PEOPLE AT ALL LEVELS. BY DEVELOPING AND MAINTAINING CONSTRUCTIVE work RELATIONSHIPS WITH LOCAL SERVICE USER, CARER AND COMMUNITY LED ORGANISATIONS. (MULLINS, 2010)An effective team, as stated by Mullins and other books surrounding management, is a group of people that work together to achieve outcomes. This is a multidisciplinary approach, using a matrix style of working(a). I am comfortable with this description as I also feel that a team is a group of individuals that work together to use skills and expertise and team working to complete task s assigned to the group.The defined role of a team looks at defined roles, skills and expertise. An important part of the team is to maintain regular contact, collaboration, co-ordination. These regular and frequent interactions give the team a more defined purpose. I also feel that a team needs skills and knowlight-emitting diodege to carry out capability.The challenges that I face in my role are that the role is of an evolving nature with and increased demand and support should be given by other colleagues in a matrix style of working. However, due to the lack of lucidity from senior management and the fact that the job description is very new can lead to an preserve on day to day management of the PALS team.Another significant challenge is to performance manage the PALS team. The team has been working together for approximately 8 years, with some of the newer members joining around 4 years ago. This has led to a culture of working to our way. The concern with this approach to t eam working is that it may not necessarily meet the objectives of the organisation. In the scenario of the PALS team we constantly seem to cover ground rules and not be able to get past that, this can be seen as a level of non- compliance. As a manager my role is to steer the team to meet the teams objectives, but this can be difficult due to the complex dynamics and individual own(prenominal)ities. To combat this I arranged individual sessions with staff to generate discussion around what each member of staff feels that they have done well, what can they do better and what would help them to get to that stage.The challenge that I face with the team during this period of consultation is to maintain a positive working environment and culture which actively improves the performance of the department and teams within it in relation to involvement, patient experience and equality. This id due to the motivation levels within the team. As cited in Mullins 2010, Team working is no more th an a fashionable term used by management to give workers an hyperbolize feeling of importance my view on this is that team working has to be used in the upright context. There are times as a manager where you can be led by your team however, overall the manager has to set the scene and highlight the core areas for team working and self-sufficient work.My role in scathe of the day to day management of PALS Team including objective setting for individuals and team allocating work to staff, completing monthly sickness returns. I ensure PALS staff are up to date in terms of all mandatory and required training and development is up to dateat all times. It is imperative to my role to identify and arrange appropriate training and development for PALS staff, via the appraisal and KSF route, to ensure successful delivery of business and to keep staff proceedd and engaged in their roles. This is also as described by Druckers management model, which asks the questions of what do managers do?The managers role according to DruckerSets objectives. The manager sets goals for the group, and decides what work needs to be done to meet those goals.I engage in this process by using supervision and team meetings, to set objectives but also to understand that the objectives are clear and clarified2) Organizes. The manager divides the work into manageable activities, and selects people to accomplish the tasks that need to be done. I am in a job share situation, where my colleague is also a part time PALS officer. This has meant that I have had to revise the workload, so that both my skills and management tasks required are delegated appropriately between us and also to staff within the team that have the right skills. The challenge that I face in this situation is that I do not have a PALS background however, it is important for me to be objective and put fair plans in place to have the team working effectively. I aim to pick up a lot of these conversations during the supervi sions that I have with staff.3) Motivates and communicates. The manager creates a team out of his people, through decisions on pay, placement, promotion, and through his communications with the team. Drucker also referred to this as the integrating function of the manager. My main style of working and management is to use motivation as a contributing factor, by looking at the motivators and demotivates and allowing staff to make their own decisions, using coaching and facilitation. Once aims and objectives are agreed, this allows me to measure the progress during meetings and one to ones4) Measures. The manager establishes appropriate targets and yardsticks, and analyzes, appraises and interprets performance. This goes hand in hand withmotivation, my main role is to measure the outcomes and also to measure underperformance. I aim to castigate and do this in a facilitating manner and not punitory. My own experiences of being managed in a punitive manner led me to completely switch o ff. I believe that the right skills and appreciation is at the kernel of trying to get a team or individuals to work together. By using reflective practice I can also measure the performance of the team. I recently asked for team to bring figures of complaints/ concerns and issues to team meetings, so that we can be measurable and auditable.5) Develops people. With the rise of the knowledge worker, this task has interpreted on added importance. In a knowledge economy, people are the companys most important asset, and it is up to the manager to develop that asset. During the one to one sessions, I have designed a template to ask staff what works well, how we can do it better, looking at ways of improving stakeholder work, raise the empowerment level of individuals to take on responsibilities once involved, i.e. chair meetings etc.Managers born or made, Mullins states a combination of both, my roles both professionally and personally have evolved through needs (Maslows Hierarchy of N eeds). The need to bring a substantial income into our family home coupled with the determination of having a professional post. I also feel that as described above I am working using Druckers model for my personal development. One of the main aspects being that I am constantly setting measurable targets for myself and constantly reviewing progress and working to timescales.One of the constant reminders that I have to keep addressing in my role as a manager is that motivation is not linked to ability. As Mullins points that an individual can be motivated but not have the right skill set or resources to carry out their ability. This is quite fundamental to bear in mind as often motivation and ability can be seen as the same, in my view they are co-dependant but need to be addressed individually. motivating means doing the best of ability, understanding what you can cope with and enjoy. Motivation is possibly the best way of doing something,taking into account individual characteristi cs and drivers. What motivates one individual may not motivate another (Mullins 2010)The definition of motivation is to keep the momentum going, having the drive to achieve objectives, achieving and keeping a check on self-motivation. Motivation is linked to rewards which are individual to different people. Mullins (2010) states motivation is why people behave in a certain way, why people do what they do, the direction and persistence of it is concerned.Having a sense of achievement is important to all Organisations are now buying into the fact that staff needs to be kept motivated and engaged. As a result of Staff surveys, (BDCT 2012) organisational aims as well as individual aims are driven by certain motivating factors. These as discussed previously are dependent on individual circumstances. In a team of staff the motivation get out be at different levels as people are at different points in life. A lack of motivation has the effect of having a destabilised work environment and an impact on staff morale.Motivation is not performance. Performance = motivation and ability levels (UoB 2013) this phrase sums up for me what motivation means as a managerWithin motivation there are different theories. Buchanan and Huczynskis theory on goals looks at main motives for our behaviour, wealth status and power trigger. Our behaviour towards attainment is encapsulated as the Content theory. Mullins 2010 looks at kernel theories as the drive and need of motivation. Decisions why do we choose to pursue certain goals is termed process theory, the focalize is on how choices are made with respect to goals. Job enrichment theory looks at influence and how can we motivate you to work harder.According to Maslows Hierarchy of needs (Buchanan and Huczysnki) an individual, team or manager has the following needs1, physiological needs2, safety needs3, social needs4, ego needs5, self-actualisationMaslow states that the lower needs have to be satisfied first. My role as PALS Manag er came as a result of field of study changes within the NHS. My previous role was in commissioning and due to move over to the Commissioning Board, however due to geographical challenges I applied for a local job so that it could fit in with my need of being a carer to my family.In my role as Stakeholder Manager, I collaborate and facilitate corporate events, raise service user and carer profile both inward facing across the organisation and outer facing. The Care Trust has made a huge effort to recognize and reference to the Francis Report, patient experience is at the heart of patient care. As stakeholder manager I am constantly reviewing, what does this mean?To take a proactive approach I take the comments from the board to team meetings to raise consciousness of issues and concerns that have a potential to take place, based on Mid Staffs Enquiry (Francis Report, 2013) and vice versa from stakeholder groups back to team meetings. It is faultfinding in my role is to keep a ba lanced view between the organization and the stakeholders. I am able to agree with the rhetoric assumption of we have been here before in terms of making service better for people , but I believe that the catalyst for change is ever so evolving and by using reflective practice I am able to highlight the positive changes that have taken place.An example of this is that carers are invited to Board meetings to share their experiences so that the senior management has some mentation of the situation at grassroots level. Historically this was not taking place, however due to the feedback received regarding involvement activities from service users and carers, the Trust Board invite Service users and carers ona regularly basis. This allows service users to be an advocate for others but also with regular contact to become almost semi-professional and understand some of the concerns go about by large organisations.The history of service user movement groups is well documented (Everett 19 94, Campbell 1996, Wallcraft J, Bryant M 2003) and awareness of this literature enables an understanding to develop of the gigantic steps that have been made in the area of user involvement. The past quarter of a century has witnessed a dramatic change in the way that those using mental wellness services are perceived, represented and valued, not least as contributors towards their own care as opposed to purely receivers of it.The role of service users in the 2007 mental health service is faraway removed from the role they played just decades previously (Campbell 2005) and the increasingly used term experts by experience highlights the value placed on service user contribution in all aspects of their care planning. This patient expertise is also fundamental to service user involvement, which not only takes many forms, but occurs on many varying levels. Involvement ranges from the macro level of service planning and evaluation through to involvement at the micro level of service use r participation and decision making regarding their own care (Braye 2000). Recognised by the DoH (Department of Health, 2001b) in their Expert Patient document.In my role of team management I am faced with conflicting demands upon my time and within the members of staff. Conflict resolution has become an important part of the managers role, the questions can be asked as to why there can be conflict. One of the reasons that I have uncovered during my research is that individuals can make organisational objectives, become personal objectives, this may not be fitting to everyone, due to individual circumstances.Job purpose and job crafting is linked to my personal beliefs and motivation theory.There are two factors that motivate people in their jobs. These two factors are hygiene factors affecting job dissatisfaction are qualities of supervision, pay, company, policies, physical working conditions, relations with others, and job security.Motivator factors affects motivation are promo tional opportunities, opportunities for personal growth, recognition, responsibility, and achievement.Herzberg argued that Hygiene factors do not contributes towards higher performance instead they are for legal profession of dissatisfaction in jobs. True motivators are impacting motivation and hence organisational performance.In my view hygiene factors are not contributors to motivation is not entirely true. Based on individual factors like responsibility, economic situation, opportunities available, these factors may act as motivators to work.In evaluating the effectiveness of my role as a manager, I am not able to constructively measure my performance in this role as it too early to measure, however, in other areas of my life and on requesting regular feedback from my peers and previous colleagues, I would say that I am an effective manager in terms of motivation, objective setting and team working. I am able to synthesise and hit the books my own development to better inform m yself and the team that I manage. This role in particular is a short term contract and because of this I feel that my delivery of results is paramount to my reputation as an effective manager.Some of the challenges that I have faced include the spontaneous nature of the team. The embedded dynamics means that it was difficult for staff in overcoming the initial authority and assertiveness of my role. Staff were working to their own demands they were working hard and trying to give all they can in their roles but not working as effectively as they possibly could. I detected certain levels of non-compliance and lack of respect towards me as a manager from colleague and staff.This may be due to the fact that they consider themselves to be local experts in their respectiveroles. This became an apparent weakness due to undecipherable nature of my role and lack of management support this had a knock on effect in my management role. Staff felt that because I was unclear they could also hav e become complacent in their roles and resisting much required change. I gained support from my manager to facilitate those discussions with my job-share and focussed on the need to work more effectively and efficiently.Following on from the Francis Report, the Trust have decided to conduct an external consultation of the department, this go away have an impact on the PALS team, both positively and negatively. Positively the recognition and the importance of service user involvement in mental health care are possibly at a higher level now than it ever has been. The Care Trust was up until a couple of years ago a mental health and instruction disabilities, specialist trust. Due to the many changes taking place in the NHS this has now changed and the Care Trust has taken on other responsibilities, the challenge that I am facing in my role is that the service users and carers are mostly from the mental health background, therefore the diversity of involvement from a wide range is res tricted, however, this is critical to my role and to the wider role of the organisation.Personal development planAn analysis of my personal development plan will allow me to face some challenges constructively. One of the main concerns is that I have no clear definition of role and therefore unable to set objectives for my team. I aim to seek clarification from my manager and also from the organisation in terms of what the PALS team should be doing, especially in light of the Francis Report.I will be arranging staff supervision sessions and also identifying key areas for development of staff. Regular feedback and appraisals will help in setting the teams objectives.The workload will be reviewed and I will be reviewing time on activities so that a rota can be in place for manning the office and the telephones.I will be able to manage conflict regarding the workload, once the discussions around caseload management have taken place. This will allow cases to be appropriately handled and in a timely manner.ReferencesBlake, R. R. and Mouton, J. S. The Managerial Grid III, Gulf Publishing society (1985)Buchanan, D. and Huczynski, A. Organizational Behaviour An Introductory Text, Third edition, Prentice mansion (1997)Department of Health, DoH, https//www.gov.uk/government/publications/recognised-valued-and-supported-next-steps-for-the-carers-strategy accessed June 2013.Drucker, P. F. The Practice of Management, Heinemann captain (1989)Everett 1994, Campbell 1996, Wallcraft J, Bryant M 2003Fayol, H. General and Industrial Management, Pitman (1949).Francis Report and Mid Staffs enquiry http//www.midstaffsinquiry.com/pressrelease.html accessed June 2013.Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. and Snyderman, B. B. The Motivation to Work, Second edition, Chapman and Hall (1959).Maslow, A. H. A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review, 50, July 1943, pp. 370-96 and Maslow, A. H. Motivation and Personality, Third edition,Patients Association, http//www.patients-association.com/ accessed June 2013.Peters, G. Creating the Modern Organization, in Crainer, S. and Dearlove,D. (eds) Financial Times Handbook of Management, Second edition, Financial Times Prentice Hall (2001),Mullins (2010)Mary Parker Follett (1868-1933), http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Parker_Follett, accessed June 2013.Mintzberg, H. The Structuring of Organizations, Prentice-Hall (1979).Stewart, R. The universe of Management, Third edition, Butterworth Heinemann (1999)WriteWork contributors. Management, Partnership and User Involvement in Health and Social Care WriteWork.com. WriteWork.com, 05 June, 2007. Web. 02 Jun. 2013.